What Makes Stainless Steel Stainless

In 1913, English metallurgist Harry Brearley, working on a project to improve rifle barrels, accidentally discovered that adding chromium to low carbon steel gives it stain resistant. In addition to iron, carbon, and chromium, modern stainless steel may also contain other elements, such as nickel, niobium, molybdenum, and titanium. Nickel, molybdenum, niobium, and chromium enhance the corrosion resistance of stainless steel. It is the addition of a minimum of 12% chromium to the steel that makes it resist rust, or stain less than other types of steel. The chromium in the steel combines with oxygen in the atmosphere to form a thin, invisible layer of chrome-containing oxide, called the passive film. The sizes of chromium atoms and their oxides are similar, so they pack neatly together on the surface of the metal, forming a stable layer only a few atoms thick. If the metal is cut or scratched and the passive film is disrupted, more oxide will quickly form and recover the exposed surface, protecting it from oxidative corrosion. Iron, on the other hand, rusts quickly because atomic iron is much smaller than its oxide, so the oxide forms a loose rather than tightly-packed layer and flakes away. The passive film requires oxygen to self-repair, so stainless steels have poor corrosion resistance in low-oxygen and poor circulation environments. In seawater, chlorides from the salt will attack and destroy the passive film more quickly than it can be repaired in a low oxygen environment. Types of Stainless Steel The three main types of stainless steels are austenitic, ferritic, and martensitic. These three types of steels are identified by their microstructure or predominant crystal phase. Austenitic: Austenitic steels have austenite as their primary phase (face-centered cubic crystal). These are alloys containing chromium and nickel (sometimes manganese and nitrogen), structured around the Type 302 composition of iron, 18% chromium, and 8% nickel. Austenitic steels are not hardenable by heat treatment. The most familiar stainless steel is probably Type 304, sometimes called T304 or simply 304. Type 304 surgical stainless steel is austenitic steel containing 18-20% chromium and 8-10% nickel.Ferritic:  Ferritic steels have ferrite (body-centered cubic crystal) as their main phase. These steels contain iron and chromium, based on the Type 430 composition of 17% chromium. Ferritic steel is less ductile than austenitic steel and is not hardenable by heat treatment.Martensitic:  The characteristic orthorhombic martensite microstructure was first observed by German microscopist Adolf Martens around 1890. Martensitic steels are low carbon steels built around the Type 410 composition of iron, 12% chromium, and 0.12% carbon. They may be tempered and hardened. Martensite gives steel great hardness, but it also reduces its toughness and makes it brittle, so few steels are fully hardened. There are also other grades of stainless steels, such as precipitation-hardened, duplex, and cast stainless steels. Stainless steel can be produced in a variety of finishes and textures and can be tinted over a broad spectrum of colors. Passivation There is some dispute over whether the corrosion resistance of stainless steel can be enhanced by the process of passivation. Essentially, passivation is the removal of free iron from the surface of the steel. This is performed by immersing the steel in an oxidant, such  as nitric acid  or  citric acid solution. Since the top layer of iron is removed, passivation diminishes surface discoloration. While passivation does not affect the thickness or effectiveness of the passive layer, it is useful in producing a clean surface for further treatment, such as plating or painting. On the other hand, if the oxidant is incompletely removed from the steel, as sometimes happens in pieces with tight joints or corners, then crevice corrosion may result. Most research indicates that diminishing surface particle corrosion does not reduce susceptibility to pitting corrosion.​​

Event Critiques Example

Essays on Event Critiques Article Unit Reflection on Concerts Concert The first concert I attended was â€Å"The Four Season CulturalSeries† which was held at the Heritage Park, City of Sunny Isles Beach, 19200 Sunny Isles Beach, FL 33160. The Florida International University Jazz Big Band. The concert took place on Sunday the 14th of April 2013 (Four Seasons Cultural Series 2013). The Florida University Jazz Big Band was led by Director and lead trumpet player Jim Hacker.The concert was set in the Pelican Community Park Gymnasium, a relatively large hall, which allowed for the guests to move freely and dance while enjoying the sensual flow of modern day jazz mixed with a tinge of old school jazz.The crowd and guests that came to be entertained was mainly the old and middle aged individuals. This is owing to the fact that jazz genre is not very popular with the young and is associated with individuals of a higher class calibre who are considerably well off. The crowd had a mixed response to the music. A sectio n of the crowd preferred to simply remain sited and enjoy the music, while others danced to the tunes. However, the majority of those who danced were mainly couples.There were many compositions that were performed during the concert. They all varied in tempo and covered almost all the genres and sub genres of Jazz. The following compositions were particularly interesting.â€Å"Undercurrent Blues† by Chico O’Ferril. This is an Afro-Cuban Jazz piece that entails a fast, quick ad bright tempo that ranged between 109 to 110 BPM. This makes this piece an Allegro and was from the mid-1940s. Little Brown Jug by Glenn Miller is a Big band Swing Jazz Ballad. It is of relatively slow tempo, at 74 BPM. This makes it an Andante. This piece was from the early 1910s.The concert was a huge success as it encompassed jazz from the different periods that shaped the development and growth of Jazz Music. The gradual switch from fast paced jazz pieces to a slow paced mood created from an e xciting start to a sensual ending for the concert.Works Cited2013. Four Seasons Cultural Series. October 13. Accessed May 14, 2014. http://www.sunnyislesbeachmiami.com/events/four-seasons-cultural-series/.

Applied Counseling Stability of Happiness

Question: Discuss about the Applied Counseling for Stability of Happiness. Answer: Introduction: As stated by Parkes et al. (2105), Bereavement caused on the occasion of a spouse death has been regarded as one of the most significant and stressful events of life. Grief is linked with feelings of sadness. Prolonged grief if exist for more than six months, might result in the psychological phenomenon which includes the searching for the deceased, preoccupation, yearning, disbelief about the loss, hallucination, survivor guilt, and bitterness. Emotions are often astonishing in their strengths, and these emotions often can be confusing especially in situations when a close person is being missed. The act of grieve varies from person to person. Some people recover from grief within few months, though this period of recovery might involve moments of sadness. Others may take a long time to get relief which might be temporary. During this period of stress and depression family support plays a vital role. When such grief related feelings and thoughts are extreme or distressing, it become s important to concern with qualified "mental health professionals" who could provide the remedies to get relief. Certain counseling intervention strategies have shown to produce positive results. Communication, assessment of the problem and clinical therapies could be a successful way of bringing about the change in the behavior and emotional status of the deceased's spouse (Parkes Prigerson, 2013). Discussion: Spousal mourning is a problem that commonly affects the women since women are generally younger than their husband, and they have more longevity. Moreover, their marriage rate is also lower than that of the widowers. As stated by Carr et al. (2014), a window experiences the feeling of loneliness, loss of camaraderie, need of physical attachment, comfort and also the support of a partner. In the case of dependent women, loss of her spouse might result in a decrease in financial income and also a scarcity of various requirements. In order to meet the needs, she might have to relocate to a different place which might lead to a relocation trauma. The most significant issue is that after a particular duration the family support fades out, relatives and friends instead of consoling the person observe the widowhood as a component of a stigma. Thus, without minimal support, it becomes hard to grow the children. Studies reveal that grieve is more prolonged in old age spouse due to the living together for a long time (Carr et al., 2014). According to Parkes et al. (2015), a complementary factor other than social and psychological distress, bereavement constitutes chronic physical health deterioration and also causes survival risk. A study constituted on windows under the age of sixty-five revealed that during the first year of their widowhood consulted health physicians very frequently. Moreover, it was also noticed that they have more number of sedatives than the expected number of use, and they were observed more in bed and hospitals than non-widowed females (Schulz et al., 2015). According to Schulz et al. (2015), the various phases of grief involve shock and numbness leading to yearning, weeping due to depression. The third phase involves attaining equilibrium to help life to achieve comfort. The fourth phase or the final stage involves identity reconstruction where an individual develops a new role in life or crystallization of fresh relationships. Identification of these phases is very important in order to undergo the diagnosis process (Schulz et al., 2015). As stated by Svenaeus (2014), aged people who suffer due to the loss of their spouse after living throughout the life with happiness, chronic and fatal illness of the spouse was reported to have poor post bereavement medical adjustment. The grief is suppressed or delayed. As discussed by Asai et al. (2013), family members are a great support this point of time, especially when the family is close-knit. Outside support is not required. However, when families split, that support remains empty. In this case, the grief is suppressed and indicates a poor prognosis. Certain factors that operate to delay the grief are: (a) the loss might be socially stigmatized. (b) If there remains an uncertainty in the death like missing soldiers. (c) A grieving person whether it is a widow or widower becomes concern about their health or concerned about growing the children well. (d) Multiple losses might have made the grieving difficult. (e) Trivial factors such as overcrowded cemetery might inhibit gri ef (Yu et al., 2015). Several types of research using "DSM III" termed the diagnosis as "Uncomplicated Bereavement." All the current researches reveal that there are comparable differences that exist between the normal and abnormal reactions. As stated by Dayringer (2013),there are few proposed diagnoses for Complicated Bereavement disorder in the DSM V. There were four criterions that involve the abnormality in the client. The first criteria was yearning, the second criteria involved the experience of any four of the eight symptoms such as anger, trouble to accept the truth, excessive bitterness, inability to trust others, feeling uneasy to live life, feeling numbness due to emotions, feeling emptiness, feeling agitated and feeling future is meaningless (Svenaeus, 2014). According to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, bereavement diagnosis is associated with the death of a close person. This is the main key to the diagnosis, but other factors need to be given importance as well. According to Cameron Green (2015), Bereavement is the only diagnosis that might lead to the delay of the Major Depression Disorder. There are symptoms associated with this particular state which is characterized by feeling of loneliness, sadness, loss of interest in various activities, change in the weight, appetite and significantly insomnia. If the individual experience symptoms of guilt, preoccupation, feeling of worthlessness, suicidal thoughts, psychomotor retardation, hallucination, etc. then these relate to Major Depression Episode as contrasting to bereavement (DSM-5 American Psychiatric Association. 2013). According to Gillies et al. (2014), in assessing such a condition, more informal and less structured approach is generally used. Researchers and scientists have outlined different models on the phases of grief and bereavement. The first model was developed by Kubler-Ross which was used to illustrate the process of grief after the death of near ones. The developers of this model noted that every individual experience at least any two of the five stages of grief. Some people might revisit the phases over and over again. A stage-based model known as The Four Tasks of Mourning was created by psychologist J.W.Worden for coping with the death of a close person. The four task involved in this model were to accept the truth, to work through the grief, to adjust to life without the presence of the deceased and lastly, to maintain a connection with the person lost throughout the life (Wade et al., 2016). Margaret Stroebe and Hank Schut developed a dual process model of bereavement. They noted two tasks were associated with the loss. Firstly, "Loss-oriented activities and stressors which are related directly to the death and secondly, Restoration-oriented activities and stressors relates to the secondary losses such as routine, lifestyle and relationships (Klass et al., 2014). As discussed by Holland et al. (2013), the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual do not define bereavement as a disorder rather a preexisting condition like depression, or repercussions linked with the trauma of a death of a closed one. These components can complicate the condition of bereavement. As discussed by Litz et al. (2014), the difference between grief and depression is that depression is characterized in general terms of despair or lack of joy, while the feeling of grief is related to the loss or death. Presently several instruments have been designed used to evaluate bereavement. But no instrument has been developed yet to constantly monitor the phases of bereavement and the symptoms associated with it. The choice of instruments varies depending upon the population. It is specific for every population such as the death of children, parents, spouses, and other loved ones (Cameron Green, 2015). According to Litz et al. (2014), the majority of the individuals are apparent as experiencing normal grief. It is very natural for a person to be depressed and it requires a short or long period to get adjusted or overcome the situation of grief. Certain researchers are recently focusing on the adaptive functioning so that they can understand the process how to protect individuals who are continuously experiencing maladaptive functioning has grown an interest in resilience and how the affected individuals function normally after a negative experience in life. According to psychology Resilience can be defined as the sense of recovery despite an encounter with the adverse situation in the life. Coping strategies differ completely from resilience since resilience relates to adaptation to certain adversities (Klass et al., 2014). Anusic Lucas (2014), Reconstruction model on the fact that bereaved individuals are faced with the task of reconstructing their understanding of how the world works and their personal identity without the presence of the loved one. As discussed by Gerson (2013),there are three core dimensions to the process of meaning reconstruction. The first dimension is sense-making, or the ability to find an explanation for the death and make sense of the occurrence. This is predominantly important untimely in the grieving course, although it is a continuing procedure for the majority individuals. The second aspect is benefited finding, where individuals can identify benefits to the bereavement in order to aid in their adjustment, whether the benefits are personal, spiritual, or philosophical. The last dimension is individuality reconstruction, which needs the bereaved individual to modify and adjust their intellect of personality after experiencing the loss of a near one (Klass et al., 2014). Maximum research on "adaptation to widowhood" in later years has focused on a female since women inclined to live longer than their spouses. According to Tomer et al. (2013), both men and women who are widowed in later life account inferior life satisfaction and well-being than those who stay married, and widowhood is a risk factor for fading, while being wedded is not. Most result research with bereaved older persons has utilized formless group interventions, often led by friends or paraprofessionals, with achievement reported in dropping depression and mounting thoughts of support. For example, in a study, it was discussed a nationalized program to assist recently widowed individuals that use skilled paraprofessional counselors for outreach and hold. Follow-up questionnaires finished by sixty two participants who attempted bimonthly talk groups exposed that most consideration that the crowd experience was positive (Anusic et al., 2014). Aging is a part of the life span rather than being apart from the life span. All persons who age experience common life transitions and developmental challenges, notably the search for ego integrity identified by (Armenta et al., 2014). The design of interventions to help older persons cope with these normative changes has focused on two primary and overlapping strategies: group counseling and life review therapy. Research on both options reveals almost universal support for their effectiveness in helping older persons to develop successful coping mechanisms for a variety of life problems and also to achieve life satisfaction despite the unwanted change. After completing their education and formal training, psychiatrists may not be fully prepared to handle some of the most common clinical challenges they will face in practice. Diagnosing and treating complicated grief and bereavement-related major depression will undoubtedly rank high on the list of such challenges. Both conditions o verlap with symptoms found in ordinary, uncomplicated grief, and often are written off as normal with the assumption that time, the strength of character and the natural support system will heal. This prolonged, complicated grief response tends to be chronic and persistent in the absence of targeted interventions, and may be life threatening. Complicated grief usually responds well to a specific psychotherapy, perhaps best when administered in combination with antidepressant medication (Armenta et al., 2014). Conclusion: Grief is linked with feelings of sadness. Prolonged grief if exist for more than six months, might result in the psychological phenomenon which includes the searching for the deceased, preoccupation, yearning, disbelief about the loss, hallucination, survivor guilt, and bitterness. During this period of stress and depression family support plays a vital role. When such grief related feelings and thoughts are extreme or distressing, it becomes important to concern with qualified "mental health professionals" who could provide the remedies to get relief. Certain counseling intervention strategies have shown to produce positive results. It is essential for them to recognize their own vulnerabilities to the personal assaults that often accompany such losses, not only for their own mental health and well-being, but also to provide the most sensitive and enlightened care to their patients. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual do not define bereavement as a disorder rather a preexisting co ndition like depression, or repercussions linked with the trauma of a death of a closed one. Resilience can be defined as the sense of recovery despite an encounter with the adverse situation in the life. "Reconstruction model on the fact that "bereaved individuals are faced with the task of reconstructing their understanding of how the world works and their personal identity without the presence of the loved one. Most result research with bereaved older persons has utilized the formless group interventions, often led by friends or paraprofessionals, with achievement reported in dropping depression and mounting thoughts of support. Thus, it can be concluded that although mourning over the death of ones spouse or grieve can have detrimental effects on physical and mental health, so needs to be counseled and treated. References: Anusic, I., Lucas, R. E. (2014). Do social relationships buffer the effects of widowhood? A prospective study of adaptation to the loss of a spouse.Journal of personality,82(5), 367-378. Anusic, I., Yap, S. C., Lucas, R. E. (2014). Does personality moderate reaction and adaptation to major life events? Analysis of life satisfaction and affect in an Australian national sample.Journal of research in personality,51, 69-77. Armenta, C., Jacobs Bao, K., Lyubomirsky, S., Sheldon, K. M. (2014). Is Lasting Change Possible? Lessons from the Hedonic adaptation Prevention Model.Stability of Happiness. Theories and Evidence on Whether Happiness Can Change, Elsevier Academic Press, London, Waltham, San Diego, 57-74. Asai, M., Akizuki, N., Fujimori, M., Shimizu, K., Ogawa, A., Matsui, Y., ... Kinoshita, T. (2013). Impaired mental health among the bereaved spouses of cancer patients.Psycho Oncology,22(5), 995-1001. Cameron, E., Green, M. (2015).Making sense of change management: a complete guide to the models, tools and techniques of organizational change. Kogan Page Publishers. Carr, D., Sonnega, J., Nesse, R. M., House, J. S. (2014). Do Special Occasions Trigger Psychological Distress Among Older Bereaved Spouses? An Empirical Assessment of Clinical Wisdom.The Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences,69(1), 113-122. Dayringer, R. L. (2013).The Heart of Pastoral Counseling: Healing Through Relationship. Routledge. DSM-5 American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders.Arlington: American Psychiatric Publishing. Gerson, B. (2013).The therapist as a person: Life crises, life choices, life experiences, and their effects on treatment(Vol. 6). Routledge. Gillies, J., Neimeyer, R. A., Milman, E. (2014). The meaning of loss codebook: Construction of a system for analyzing meanings made in bereavement.Death studies,38(4), 207-216. Holland, J. M., Futterman, A., Thompson, L. W., Moran, C., Gallagher-Thompson, D. (2013). Difficulties accepting the loss of a spouse: A precursor for intensified grieving among widowed older adults.Death studies,37(2), 126-144. Klass, D., Silverman, P. R., Nickman, S. (2014).Continuing bonds: New understandings of grief. Taylor Francis. Klass, D., Silverman, P. R., Nickman, S. (2014).Continuing bonds: New understandings of grief. Taylor Francis. Litz, B. T., Schorr, Y., Delaney, E., Au, T., Papa, A., Fox, A. B., ... Prigerson, H. G. (2014). A randomized controlled trial of an internet-based therapist-assisted indicated preventive intervention for prolonged grief disorder.Behaviour research and therapy,61, 23-34. Parkes, C. M., Prigerson, H. G. (2013).Bereavement: Studies of grief in adult life. Routledge. Parkes, C. M., Laungani, P., Young, W. (Eds.). (2015).Death and bereavement across cultures. Routledge. Parkes, C. M., Laungani, P., Young, W. (Eds.). (2015).Death and bereavement across cultures. Routledge. Schulz, R., Boerner, K., Klinger, J., Rosen, J. (2015). Preparedness for death and adjustmReferences:ent to bereavement among caregivers of recently placed nursing home residents.Journal of palliative medicine,18(2), 127-133. Svenaeus, F. (2014). Diagnosing mental disorders and saving the normal: American Psychiatric Association, 2013. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, American Psychiatric Publishing: Washington, DC. 991 pp., ISBN: 978-0890425558. Price: $122.70 (Review Article).Medicine, health care and philosophy,17(2), 241-244. Tomer, A., Eliason, G. T., Wong, P. T. (Eds.). (2013).Existential and spiritual issues in death attitudes. Psychology Press. Wade, J. B., Hart, R. P., Wade, J. H., Bekenstein, J., Ham, C., Bajaj, J. S. (2016). Does the death of a spouse increase subjective well-being: An assessment in a population of adults with neurological illness.Healthy Aging Research,5(2). Yu, N. X., Chan, C. L., Zhang, J., Stewart, S. M. (2015). Resilience and vulnerability: prolonged grief in the bereaved spouses of marital partners who died of AIDS.AIDS care, 1-4.

Review Article free essay sample

I as most teens spend a lot of time online listening to music. During my time I came across a song called â€Å"Kids† by Current Joys, at the momentI was very confused what could this song be about. That was until I listened to it and figured it out. â€Å"Oh, Im just a kid I never use my brain I only use my heart And my imagination.† In the opening verse, it tells you about being a kid. Carefree, creative and all in all enjoying life. As you continue listening to the song you start to hear the person dealing with the hardships of giving up your childhood. â€Å"Oh Im no longer a kid And everything has changed Theres nothing in my heart And lightning in my brain.† Our childhood is now gone leaving us wondering who and what are we? Everything is different nothing is like it was. We will write a custom essay sample on Review Article or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page What do I do now? Current Joys aka Nick Rattigan is expressing how hard giving up your childhood is no one wants the leave the carefree attitude, childlike ideas, and seeing the good in everyone.

The Economy of Oil Gas in UAE

The Economy of Oil Gas in UAE UAE is one of the largest producers of oil and natural gas. According to Taib, in 2009, UAE was the 8th largest producer of oil in the world. In the same year, UAE had the 4th largest reserves of natural gas (Taib). Around forty years ago, UAE was among the poorest countries in the world.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Economy of Oil Gas in UAE specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More However, after the discovery of oil, UAE’s economy was transformed within a short period. At the moment, it is one of the richest countries in the world. According to the Complete Resident’s Guide, â€Å"UAE is the second richest Arab country, after Qatar, on a per capital basis† (4). The guide also reiterates that UAE has an annual GDP growth rate of around 10%. However, due to fluctuations in oil and gas prices and the realization that an economy based on oil and gas might not be sustainable, UAE has diversified its economy. Therefore, other economic sectors play a huge role in UAE’s economy at the moment. This essay provides an insight into the effects of oil and gas on UAE’s economy. UAE has large onshore and offshore reserves of oil and natural gas. According to Shihab, UAE growth has been dependent on oil and gas since its formation in early 1970s. In 2009, UAE boosted nearly 7.3 % of world’s total oil reserves and was ranked 8th in the production of crude oil (Taib). At the same time, it was estimated that UAE had 1.6% of the world’s proven natural gas reserves. For that reason, it is believed that oil and gas will continue to be the backbone of UAE’s economy for a long period of time. Most of the oil and natural gas reserves are in Dubai and Abu Dhabi (Shihab). These two emirates have, therefore, made UAE an important player in the world’s oil industry. . â€Å"Economic development can be perceived as change in the structure of an economy† (Shihab 4). Likewise, oil and gas have greatly transformed the structure of UAE’s economy. Before 1970, UAE’s economy was slowly driven by agriculture. Moreover, in the late1950s and early 1960s, UAE was an underdeveloped country. â€Å"Its inhabitants were nomads, pearl divers and fishermen† (Shihab). Interestingly, the ruler’s fort was the only significant building in Abu Dhabi city. Moreover, roads and other basic infrastructures were missing. However, after 1970, oil and gas propelled the economy in a rate only seen in a few countries worldwide. Abu Dhabi is now a world class city and UAE income levels match those of developed countries. This transformation has been brought about by forty years of a flourishing oil industry. Furthermore, UAE skipped the hypothetic development stages that most countries go through before attaining the status of developed countries (Shihab).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we c an help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More It is believed UAE’s enormous oil and natural gas reserves enabled it skip these stages. Before the year 2000, UAE’s development strategy was inclined towards resource-based industries (Shihab). For instance, after the discovery of oil in Dubai, its infrastructure was developed solely from oil revenues. Therefore, UAE embraced an industrial strategy that strictly depended on the utilization of natural resources (Shihab). UAE utilizes the latest technology to increase efficiency and productivity in its oil and gas industry. According to Shihab, it has the capacity to produce two million barrels a day. This is the maximum production that can be sustained in one day. However, if the current rate of production is maintained, UAE’s oil reserves will only last for just over a hundred years (Shihab). Reliance on oil and gas has also impacted negatively on UAE’s economy and that of other co untries in the Gulf region. A study by Arouri, Lahiani and Bellalah showed that stock markets within the Gulf region reacted strongly to fluctuating prices in the oil industry. This study also concluded that the economic slump witnessed in UAE between2008 and 2009 had a relationship with fluctuating oil prices. Nonetheless, oil is not the only source of revenue for UAE. In 2004, oil only accounted for thirty two percent of the total GDP (Complete Resident’s Guide 6). For that reason, other economic sectors such as trade, manufacturing, housing and tourism played an important role in UAE’s economy. In addition, some emirates, within the federation, are not content with their oil and gas success (Mandel). For instance, Abu Dhabi has embarked on a mission to diversify its economy. In doing so, Abu Dhabi hopes that oil proceeds will only account for less than half of its GDP after 2015 (Mandel). It can be concluded that oil and gas are important elements of the UAE’ s economy. Huge reserves of oil and natural gas propelled UAE from a least developed country to a developed country in no time. However, some emirates, within UAE, such as Abu Dhabi have realized that an economy based on oil and gas is not sustainable. For instance, it is predicted that wells in UAE might dry up in a hundred years time (Shihab). For that reason, UAE economy is currently being diversified. Accordingly, other economic sectors such as housing, trade and tourism are being developed. Arouri, Mohamed, Lahiani Amine and Bellalah Makram. â€Å"Oil Price Shocks and Stock Market Returns in Oil-Exporting Countries: The Case of GCC Countries.† International Journal of Economics and Finance 2.5 (2010). Print.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Economy of Oil Gas in UAE specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Mandel, Jen. â€Å"Emirate Channeling Oil Wealth into Bid for Green Economy.† New York Times on the Web 19 April. 2010. Shihab, Mohamed n.d., Economic Development in the UAE. PDF file. Web. Taib, Mowafa 2009, The Mineral Industry of the United Arab Emirates. PDF file. Web. The Complete Resident’s Guide: Dubai. Dubai: Explorer Publishing Distribution LLC, 2006. Print.

The Negative Side of Use from CIBC Bank on Social Media Research Paper

The Negative Side of Use from CIBC Bank on Social Media - Research Paper Example    Apparently, the continuously changing business environment and customer needs for a more convenient banking system have altogether motivated CIBC to inculcate social media as a key innovation in its customer services network. Use of Social Media by CBIC In its recent endeavors, CIBC has been rendering a varied range of banking services to its customers using social media in multiple linguistic forms, such as conveying its messages both in English and in French to the Twitter accounts. This, in turn, helped the organization in eradicating the barriers of cultural conflicts or segregation in delivering equal care to its customers in a global context. It is worth mentioning in this context that with the rapid changes taking place in the technology sector worldwide, the need for carrying the business through the social media has become very important for CBIC in achieving its goal of international competency. Subsequently, CIBC uses the most preferred social media in the worldwide c ontext, such as Facebook and Twitter, with the intention to advertise its new offers directly communicating with the targeted customers and also with the aim to deliver online services more effectively and in an informed manner (CIBC Mellon, 2013). In precise, CIBC opted for the inclusion of social media in its customer service network, with an intention to learn about the varied needs of the customers and also to attract a new range of customers towards its technology aided services. Strategically, the main aim of using the social media by CIBC is to preserve its efficiency in customer relationship management with the aid of direct-to-customer approach. The effectiveness of using social media by CBIC A critical examination of the organizational performance reveals that the social media was much effective for CBIC in the initial stages of its implementation. The strategy helped CBIC to attract a new range of customers and stay connected with the customers in the global platform, irr espective of the persisting cultural differences. However, after some years, there was a major problem observed in its usage, which indicated towards the inefficiency of the organization in continuously updating and managing its developmental strategies (Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce, n.d). To be illustrated as a case example, the bank had engaged many Twitter and Facebook accounts with the purpose of delivering different services to its wide-ranging customer groups. However, owing to the managerial limitations of the bank, an involvement of many Twitter and Facebook accounts created confusion among the customers in availing the services of the bank as information sources became vibrant and multiple. Additionally, customers were also facing the huge problem in the searching the appropriate social media page on its website for availing the intended banking service owing to the deficiency of the bank to manage the technology resources efficiently. In order to mitigate such obstac les in customer service deliverance, the bank adopted the policy of greeting its online customers through Wikipedia.  Ã‚  

Training Plan Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Training Plan - Assignment Example The document acts as a guideline that describes license, permit and registration granted to a merchandise store. Given that Sport Check is a leading retailer of sports products, the content of the information in the document outlines the details of the project. Therefore, employees should be guided by the business start up Alberta Guide. The document offers steps involved in establishing a business in the merchandise store. Also, it assists employees in navigating through the state programs and services stipulated in sporting products. Getting an overview of the industry is also part of the knowledge of the merchandise store that employees must be conversant with in sporting stores. The overview outlines the types of operation involved in sporting stores such as Sport Check. New employees can learn the nature of the operation of the stores, franchise, location and design of Sport Check in Canada. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦(Canada Business Network, n.d. ) The employees must have adequate knowledge about the prices of products available in the merchandise stores. The shop has diverse products such as converse chuck Taylor, Speedo Graduated Compression, Nike Remora Swim Goggle that are sold at $64.99, $15.99 and $7.99 respectively. These products are among the few products that exist in the